上海多利農(nóng)莊的這棟建筑將接待、門廳、VIP、辦公和食品包裝等功能整合在一起。建筑采用集裝箱建設(shè)，集裝箱的不規(guī)則布置模式適應(yīng)各種需求并創(chuàng)造豐富空間，設(shè)計和建造過程植入的各項環(huán)保措施使項目成為了一座真正的具有可持續(xù)性的建筑。
多利農(nóng)莊是上海最大的有機(jī)食品農(nóng)莊，其產(chǎn)品包括國家環(huán)�？偩謾z驗認(rèn)證的各種有機(jī)蔬菜和水果。在多利農(nóng)莊的發(fā)展藍(lán)圖中，成為一個蔬菜生產(chǎn)基地不只是她的全部目標(biāo)，這里將建設(shè)為上海一處引領(lǐng)自然生活方式的新地標(biāo)。
這座建筑是一個整合了接待區(qū)、門廳（未來可為酒店客房服務(wù)）、貴賓區(qū)、農(nóng)莊新辦公區(qū)和食品包裝車間的綜合體。Playze在設(shè)計中將農(nóng)莊的生產(chǎn)活動和參觀者的體驗密切地聯(lián)系在一起。
生產(chǎn)流程處于一個通透環(huán)境中，參觀者可以仔細(xì)觀察操作的每一個環(huán)節(jié)，提升對農(nóng)莊產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的信心。可持續(xù)發(fā)展方式和對于質(zhì)量的不懈追求相結(jié)合，形成多利農(nóng)莊的核心精神，這也是設(shè)計中始終堅持的核心理念。
空間概念
為了將室內(nèi)外的不同功能在實際使用上和視覺上建立一定的聯(lián)系，建筑設(shè)計為一個連續(xù)的空間序列，當(dāng)參觀者穿行于建筑和場地時，空間序列的發(fā)展邏輯不易被察覺，這需要參觀者自己去體驗并發(fā)現(xiàn)。建筑二層的平臺系統(tǒng)不只是作為交通空間，還是室內(nèi)空間的延伸和休閑區(qū)。為了滿足業(yè)主在自然環(huán)境中工作的愿望，室外平臺可作為戶外的會議區(qū)，并可靈活實現(xiàn)其他的一些活動。這樣，特定空間的使用也可減少。
在項目中，建筑與環(huán)境在空間上所要建立的直接聯(lián)系，是食品生產(chǎn)的工業(yè)化特征與周圍農(nóng)莊環(huán)境之間的虛擬對話。通過創(chuàng)造不同類型的視覺連接，設(shè)計的總體策略得以實現(xiàn)。
集裝箱具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的特征，這與對不同空間的適應(yīng)度要求相背離，比如入口、庭院、辦公、室外平臺等都需要不同的空間處理方式。景觀方向、功能要求和空間序列，建筑在這三個因素的界定下呈現(xiàn)了不同的空間狀態(tài)。即使這樣，空間框架仍然采用了具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸的集裝箱。
集裝箱的擺放方式總體上遵循了使用空間和氣候條件的需要。懸挑部分醒目地提示了場地的主入口，參觀者由此進(jìn)入建筑內(nèi)部到達(dá)接待臺。一個由三層集裝箱壘起的大堂構(gòu)成了建筑的核心空間，穿過大堂，參觀者就來到了內(nèi)院，在這里等待的電瓶車可將他們帶到酒店客房，或農(nóng)莊的各個角落。
建筑的第二層通過兩座天橋與辦公區(qū)相連，這部分建筑被保留的廠房建筑覆蓋著。廠房的東立面已經(jīng)移除，所以新增加的集裝箱辦公室位于現(xiàn)有廠房屋面的下方，并在面對生產(chǎn)區(qū)的位置形成了新的內(nèi)立面。
結(jié)構(gòu)
由于氣候條件的影響，建筑需滿足防滲、防漏、保溫、隔熱等各項要求，為了保證集裝箱的純凈外表，設(shè)計中發(fā)展了大量的特殊節(jié)點。這些精巧的節(jié)點與相對粗獷的集裝箱構(gòu)件形成了鮮明的對照，比如在室內(nèi)可看到的集裝箱框架組合梁。此外，由于集裝箱不規(guī)則的布置方式，其模數(shù)化的系統(tǒng)甚至受到了一定的挑戰(zhàn)。
集裝箱的結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯是一個框架盒子，其六個方向上的面都可以打開或保持封閉。針對不同的空間形態(tài)，這個特征被靈活應(yīng)用，并最終整合在一個完整的結(jié)構(gòu)體系中。在入口部分，輔助的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)被優(yōu)化到最小尺寸，以突顯集裝箱“懸浮”的狀態(tài)。為了消減盒子的封閉感，三層高的垂直空間分別向三個方向打開。在內(nèi)院部分，二層的平臺即成為下方開敞空間的屋頂，并在設(shè)計中引入了一些類似連廊的中式庭院形態(tài)。
可持續(xù)性
為了實現(xiàn)業(yè)主對于環(huán)境保護(hù)的強(qiáng)烈愿望，項目中采用了一些針對性的策略以減少建筑能耗。整個建筑體都采取了保溫隔熱措施，即使這樣，集裝箱仍呈現(xiàn)了它初始的狀態(tài)。集裝箱的門扇在打孔之后安裝于朝陽的立面，作為建筑外遮陽減少太陽輻射熱，有一臺地源熱泵設(shè)備為空調(diào)和地暖提供能量�？煽氐呐棚L(fēng)系統(tǒng)幫助優(yōu)化空氣交換的比率，減少能量的損失，LED光源設(shè)備的廣泛應(yīng)用也減少了電量消耗。
項目的另一個目標(biāo)是減少隱藏在建筑材料中的能耗，所謂的“灰色”能量。所以可回收的、生態(tài)可持續(xù)的、速生的或可循環(huán)再利用的材料得到廣泛應(yīng)用。貨運(yùn)集裝箱被合理使用，首先因其結(jié)構(gòu)能獨(dú)立支撐，其次也隱喻“可再利用的空間”。尤其是輕量化的集裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)使對原有基礎(chǔ)承臺的再利用成為可能。速生的本地材料竹子被應(yīng)用到室內(nèi)和室外的地坪，以及固定家具。以上所列舉的措施使項目成為了一座真正的具有可持續(xù)性的建筑。
Tony’s Farm is the biggest organic food farm in Shanghai, which produces OFDC
certified (member of IFOAM) vegetables and fruits. But Tony's Farm is meant to be
more than just a place for vegetable production. The vision is to integrate the consumer
and therefore promote a natural lifestyle.
To link the activities of the working people with the visitors of the farm, playze
developed a building complex, which combines the main reception, a lobby, (working
also for the future hotel rooms) and a vip area, with the new offices and an existing
warehouse, where the fruits and vegetables are being packed. The building provides
transparency within the manufacturing process. Thus it supports the vision of integrating
the visitor and helps to reinforce the consumer confidence in the products of the farm.
At the same time the building design is driven by the concept of sustainability,
combined with it's iconic qualities, it communicates and promotes the core concept of
Tony's Farm.
Spatial concept
The building has been designed as a continuous spatial sequence in order to physically
and visually connect various interior and exterior programs. The whole structure
demands an exploration by the visitors. It is not obvious, how the spatial sequence will
develop, while crossing the building and the site. A system of terraces functions not only
as transitory space but also as extension of the interior work and leisure areas. Outdoor
meetings and other activities support the aspiration of the client to literally work
surrounded by nature and same time reduce the use of conditioned space.
Throughout the project the immediate spatial relationship between the building and the
environment is meant to create a virtual dialogue between the industrial aspects of food
production and the surrounding farmland. The massing strategy supports this ambiguity
by creating various types of visual relations.
The systemic nature of the containers is countered with the adaptation to the specific
situations, like entrance, courtyard, office wing, terraces, etc. The different orientations
towards the landscape of the farm, the functional requirements and the spatial
sequence are defining each situation of the layout in a specific way, although the spatial
framework is the container with its standardized dimensions.
The cubing of the containers follows spatial and climatic demands. The cantilevering
gesture marks the main entrance of the site. This is where the visitors enter the
structure and find the reception desk. After the lobby, which is accentuated by a 3
stories high volume, they step out to an inner courtyard, where they are picked up by
electric cars to be brought to their hotel rooms, distributed throughout the farm.
The second level allows a connection to the office wing of the building via 2 bridges.
This part of the building complex is covered by the existing warehouse. The east
facade has been sliced, so that the new container offices could find shelter underneath
the existing roof and form an new inner facade towards the production hall.
Construction
Since the climatic exigence asked for impermeability and insulation, numerous specific
details had to be developed to maintain the stringent appearance of the containers.
The elaborate details, for example the still visible steel beams of the containers in the
interior, stand in contrast to the rather rough and crude tectonic details of the freight
container. Further, the modular system was challenged by the individual joints, resulting
from the irregular distribution of the containers.
The structural logic of the container is the framed box, which can be opened or left
closed towards the 6 orientations. These characteristics were amplified in different
spatial situations, integrated within the whole structure. At the entrance situation for
instance, the additional supporting structure is reduced to a minimum to underline the
„floating“ moment of the containers. The 3 stories high vertical space is opened to 3
sides to dissolve the box. In the courtyard, the terraces form a roof to the underneath
and quote the chinese courtyard typology, whereas the office part is developed in the
style of a slab and pillar constellation.
Sustainability
In order to cope with the high aspirations of the client regarding the protection of the
environment, several strategies have been used to reduce the energy consumption of
the building. The entire structure is well insulated, even though the containers appear in
it's raw form. The original container doors have been perforated and serve as external
shading blinds at the sun exposed facades to minimize solar heat gain. A geothermal
heat pump delivers energy for the air conditioning and floor heating systems. Controlled
ventilation helps to optimize air exchange rates and therefore to minimize the energy
loss through uncontrolled aeration. The use of LED lighting reduces the general
electricity consumption.
Another ambition of the project is to reduce the energy hidden in construction materials,
the so called grey energy. Therefore recycled, ecologically sustainable, fast growing or
at least recyclable materials have been used. The re-use of freight containers seemed
adequate, first for its inherent structural autarky and second for being a common
metaphor for „recycled space“. Further, the minimal weight of the container structure
allowed to re-use the existing foundation plate. The use of local bamboo products for
indoor and outdoor flooring, as well as all the built-in furniture additionally supports the
ambition of constructing a truly sustainable building.
Project data
Client _ Tony’s Farm
Location _ Shanghai, China
Completed in_ July 2011
Built area _ 1060m2
Number of containers _ 78
Team _ Mengjia He, Pascal Berger, Marc Schmit,
Meijun wu, Liv Xu Ye, Ahmed Hosny, Andres Tovar,
Maggie Tang, Sebastian Hefti
Photo credits _ Bartosz Kolonko
